|
http://www.usask.ca/agriculture/caedac/dbases/INPUT.html |
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SEED:
Energy Amounts in Seed Inputs and Grain Outputs |
|||||||
|
|
|
Johnston1 |
Boerma2 |
Southwell3 |
Pimentel4 |
|
Coefficient to
Use |
|
Grain |
Type |
MJ
/kg |
MJ
/kg |
MJ
/kg |
MJ
/kg |
|
|
|
Canola |
Seed |
13.8 |
|
|
|
Colza |
13.8 |
|
|
Grain |
23.2 |
23.2 |
23.2 |
|
|
23.2 |
|
Wheat |
Seed |
7.2 |
|
|
|
Blé |
7.2 |
|
|
Grain |
13.8 |
|
13.8 |
|
|
13.8 |
|
Field
Pea |
Seed |
3.2 |
|
|
|
|
3.2 |
|
|
Grain |
14 |
|
14 |
14 |
|
14 |
|
Lentils |
Seed |
|
|
|
|
Lentilles |
|
|
|
Grain |
|
17 |
17 |
|
|
17 |
|
Barley |
Seed |
|
|
|
|
Orge |
|
|
|
Grain |
|
|
12.5 |
|
|
12.5 |
|
Flax |
Seed |
|
|
|
|
Lin |
|
|
|
Grain |
|
|
14 |
|
|
14 |
|
Rye |
Seed |
|
|
|
|
Seigle |
|
|
|
Grain |
|
|
9.2 |
|
|
9.2 |
|
Oats |
Seed |
|
|
|
|
Avoine |
|
|
|
Grain |
|
|
10.4 |
|
|
10.4 |
|
Oat-Hay |
|
|
|
0.73 |
|
Foin
d’avoine |
0.73 |
|
1. Johnston and
Cowell (1997) from Stout (1990), Pimental (1980), Southwell & Rothwell
(1977) |
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|
2. Boerma et al. (1980) |
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|
3. Southwell and Rothwell (1977) |
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|
4. Pimental (1980) |
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|
Field
Machinery: Energy and GHG Coefficients |
|
|
|
|
|
Entz5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Johnston1 |
Townsend2 |
|
Stout3 |
|
Southwell4 |
|
Fuel |
Energy |
Implement |
Total |
Jensen6 |
Blankenhornet7 |
|
|
Field
Operations |
MJ
/ ha |
MJ
/ ha |
L/ha |
MJ
/ ha |
L/ha |
MJ
/ ha |
L/ha |
l/ha |
MJ/ha |
MJ/ha |
MJ/ha |
MJ/kg/year |
MJ/kg |
|
|
Airseeder |
232 |
|
|
466 |
10.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anhydrous
Application |
|
|
|
588 |
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Baler |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.07 |
135.05 |
18.88 |
|
|
|
|
|
Banding
Granular or Liquid |
232 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Combine
Pickup |
|
|
|
|
|
660 |
14.6 |
7.03 |
309.25 |
196.17 |
505.42 |
|
|
|
|
Straight
Cut |
|
|
|
750 |
16.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stripper |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Home
Base |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cultivator(Primary
Tillage) |
220 |
877 |
19.4 |
646 |
14.3 |
|
|
5 |
219.95 |
94.93 |
314.88 |
|
|
|
|
Cultivator
(Spring light Tillage) |
163 |
493 |
10.9 |
438 |
9.7 |
480 |
10.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cultivator
(Secondary Tillage) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.11 |
180.8 |
78.11 |
258.91 |
|
|
|
|
Disc |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Disc
Seeder |
|
249 |
5.5 |
|
|
300 |
6.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Harrow |
79 |
68 |
1.5 |
|
|
|
|
1.48 |
65.11 |
59.11 |
124.22 |
|
|
|
|
Harrow-Packer |
94 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.14 |
94.14 |
127.24 |
221.38 |
|
|
|
|
Hoe-drill |
163 |
325 |
7.2 |
|
|
|
|
5.53 |
243.26 |
138.78 |
382.04 |
|
|
|
|
Mower
Conditioner |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
175.96 |
84.96 |
260.92 |
|
|
|
|
Press
Drill |
|
208 |
4.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sprayer |
44 |
|
|
|
|
70 |
1.7 |
0.93 |
40.91 |
40.47 |
81.38 |
|
|
|
|
Spreader |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.93 |
84.9 |
28.43 |
113.33 |
|
|
|
|
Swathing |
|
|
|
|
|
300 |
7.3 |
2.47 |
108.66 |
62.65 |
171.18 |
|
|
|
|
Tandem
Disking |
|
|
|
661 |
12.2 |
820 |
18.1 |
6.42 |
282.42 |
126.46 |
408.88 |
|
other |
|
|
Truck
(3T.) & Auger |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.9 |
194.09 |
60.65 |
254.74 |
|
121.3 |
|
|
Zero-till
drill |
190 |
258 |
5.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tractors |
|
|
Tractor
150 HP |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
57.79 |
|
|
158.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Powered
Machines |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.6 |
|
|
|
Non-powered
machines |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.8 |
|
|
|
Trucks |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. Johnston and
Cowell (1997) from Stout (1990), Pimental (1980), Southwell & Rothwell
(1977) |
|
|||||||||||||
|
2.
Townsend (1979) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.
Stout (1990) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. Southwell and Rothwell (1977) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
5.
Entz et al (1995) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.
Jensen (1977) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.
Blankenhornet et al. (1982) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
** R.C. Fluck
(1985) recommend the use of a repair and maintenance energy to manufacturing
and retailing energy of .55. |
|
|||||||||||||
|
Fertilizer: Energy Coefficients |
|
|
|
|
|
Bhat6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Johnston1 |
Southwell2 |
Entz3 |
Coxworth4 |
Boerma5 |
Direct |
Transport |
Total |
Thurhollow7 |
Dovring8 |
Mudahar9 |
Leach10 |
|
Fertilizer |
Analysis |
MJ
/kg |
MJ
/kg |
MJ
/kg |
GJ/t |
MJ
/kg |
MJ
/kg |
MJ
/kg |
MJ
/kg |
MJ
/kg |
MJ
/kg |
GJ/t
nutrient |
MJ
/kg |
|
Urea-
N |
46-0-0 |
86.5 |
101 |
83.53 |
83.53 |
|
68.41 |
7.05 |
75.46 |
|
113.925 |
76.26 |
|
|
Urea-Ammonium
Nitrate |
28-0-0 |
|
|
|
76.99 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
65.27 |
|
|
Ammonia
-N |
34-0-0 |
60.1 |
90.6 |
74.93 |
74.93 |
|
61.33 |
7.05 |
68.38 |
|
100.905 |
66.59 |
|
|
MAP-
P2O5 |
11-51-0 |
65.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12.56 |
31.388 |
2.2 |
|
|
-
demihydrite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.3 |
|
|
Ammonium
Sulfate-S |
21-0-0-24 |
|
|
|
65.97 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
58.05 |
|
|
Potassium
Chloride- K2O |
0-0-60 |
11.4 |
|
|
11.35 |
|
4.8 |
6.35 |
11.15 |
|
10.463 |
4.3 |
|
|
Anhydrous
Ammonia |
82-0-0 |
|
90.6 |
60.1 |
60.11 |
|
50.6 |
7.05 |
57.65 |
|
76.958 |
55.3 |
|
|
P2O5 |
|
|
|
12.69 |
|
|
4.01 |
8.33 |
12.34 |
|
|
|
15.6 |
|
11-51-0
N |
|
|
116.6 |
|
65.51 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P |
|
|
20.3 |
|
11.03 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
N Fertilizers |
|
|
|
|
76.99 |
90.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
89.1 |
|
Other
P Fertilizers |
|
|
|
|
11.35 |
20.3 |
|
|
|
P2O5
GJ/mt |
|
|
|
|
Sodium
Nitrate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32% |
|
0.963 |
|
|
Aqua
Ammonium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25% |
|
0.53 |
|
|
Phosphate
Rock 28% - 38% P2O5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
Zinc
Sulfate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.5 |
|
|
Elemental
Sulfur |
*no energy charge for recovered sulfur |
|
|||||||||||
|
Mixes
(Mudahar et al.) |
bulk
blend |
Fluid |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GJ/tonne |
0.074 |
0.55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. Johnston and
Cowell (1997) from Stout (1990), Pimental (1980), Southwell & Rothwell
(1977) |
|
||||||||||||
|
2. Southwell and
Rothwell (1977) 3. Entz et al
(1995) 4. Coxworth et al. (1995) 5.
Boerma et al. (1980) 6. Bhat et al. (1994) |
|
||||||||||||
|
7. Thurhollow and
Perlack (1991) estimate 47.5%
electricity, 26.75% diesel, 25.9% NatGas for phosphorous |
|
||||||||||||
|
8. Dovring and
McDowell (1980) 9. Mudahar and
Hignett (1982) Anhydrous Ammonia 60% feedstock, 37% Heat, 3% Fuel Power. |
|
||||||||||||
|
10. Leach
(1976) Jaques (1992) 1.56 t CO2/t
ammonia and .73 t CO2/ t urea. |
|
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|
Fuel:
Energy and GHG Coefficients |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Marland1 |
|
|
Entz4 |
Coxworth5 |
|
|
Stout8 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
HHV |
Boerma2 |
Southwell3 |
Carbon |
HHV*C |
Jaques6 |
Zentner7 |
HHV |
|
NEB9 |
Values to Use |
|
|
||||||||
|
Fuel
Type |
MJ/L |
MJ
/L |
MJ
/L |
g/MJ |
MJ
/L |
kgC/GJ |
MJ
/L |
MJ/L |
%
C |
MJ/L |
MJ /L |
g/MJ |
Coefficient |
||||||||
|
Gasoline |
34.78 |
|
41.2 |
18.41 |
39.61 |
18.41 |
51.5 |
34.6 |
88% |
34.66 |
39.61 |
18.41 |
1.1 |
||||||||
|
Diesel |
38.96 |
|
45.2 |
19.26 |
43.99 |
19.26 |
53.6 |
39.0 |
|
38.68 |
43.99 |
19.26 |
1.1 |
||||||||
|
Aviation
Gas |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33.52 |
|
|
|
||||||||
|
Kerosene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
37.68 |
|
|
|
||||||||
|
Lubricants |
|
|
43.8 |
|
|
|
51.9 |
|
|
|
51.9 |
|
|
||||||||
|
Ethanol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23.066 |
52% |
|
26.27 |
|
|
||||||||
|
Implement Energy |
|
|
19.13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13.13 |
|
|||||||||
|
Light
Oil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
38.68 |
|
|
|
||||||||
|
Heavy
Oil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
41.73 |
|
|
|
||||||||
|
Oil |
|
|
|
|
|
19.92 |
|
|
|
|
|
19.92 |
|
||||||||
|
Electricity |
|
1 kwh = 10.5 MJ of coal/nuclear energy = 3.6 MJ for
Hydro Bhat et al. (1994) |
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
Natural
Gas/m3 |
38.02 |
|
|
13.78 |
45.17 |
13.78 |
|
37.3 |
|
37.78 |
45.17 |
13.78 |
1.1 |
||||||||
|
Propane |
|
|
|
|
30.33 |
16.55 |
|
25.5 |
|
|
30.33 |
16.55 |
|
||||||||
|
Lignite
Coal |
14.62 |
|
|
25.56 |
14.62 |
25.56 |
|
30 |
70-80 |
|
14.62 |
25.56 |
1.0 |
||||||||
|
LP |
|
|
|
Feedstocks |
|
kgC/GJ |
|
26.6 |
|
|
26.6 |
|
|
||||||||
|
Wood |
|
|
|
PetroChem |
|
3.87 |
|
23 |
|
|
23 |
3.87 |
|
||||||||
|
Energy Intensity Coefficients |
|
Naphthas |
|
3.87 |
|
|
|
|
|
3.87 |
|
||||||||||
|
Refined Petroleum |
1.2227 |
|
NatGas |
|
9.09 |
|
|
|
|
|
9.09 |
|
|||||||||
|
Natural
Gas |
|
1.1166 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
Electricity |
|
4.0683 |
* assumes electricity is generated from coal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Crop Residue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10-15 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
Electricity Generation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
Province |
|
Coal |
Nat
Gas |
Hydro |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
Alberta |
|
90.6 |
5.1 |
4.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
Saskatchewan |
|
74.1 |
0.7 |
25.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
Manitoba |
|
0.6 |
0.1 |
99.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
** Oil sands Manufacture of Diesel and gas is not
accounted for ( 4% increase) |
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
1. Marland &
Thurhollow (1991) 2. Boerma et al.
(1980) 3. Southwell and Rothwell
(1977) 4. Entz et al (1995) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
5. Coxworth et
al. (1995) High Heat Value (HHV) times indirect energy coefficient (C) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
6. Jaques (1992)
& Marland (1983) 7. Zentner
(1989) 8. Stout (1990) 9. NEB - National Energy Board / Stats
Canada |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Herbicide:
Energy and GHG Coefficients |
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
* the % of Oil, natural gas and coal in pesticide
production is 42% oil, 38% nat gas and 20% coal. |
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
Johnston1 |
Boerma2 |
Stout3 |
Entz4 |
|
Coxworth5 |
|
Zentner6 |
Robinson7 |
Pimental8 |
Green9 |
|
Product |
Common
Name |
MJ
/kg |
MJ
/kg |
MJ
/kg |
MJ/Kg |
g
C/kg |
MJ/kg
a.i. |
kg
C/kg a.i. |
MJ/Kg |
MJ/kg |
kcal/kg
ai |
MJ/kg |
|
Achieve |
tralkoxydim |
62 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ally |
metsulfuron methyl |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amber |
trisulfuron |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assert |
imazamethabenz |
126 |
|
317 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assure |
quizalofop ethyl |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Atrazine |
atrazine |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
188 |
189 |
190 |
|
Attain |
flouroxypyr + 2,4-DE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Avadex |
Triallate |
1368 |
231 |
|
|
|
231 |
2.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
Avenge |
difenzoquat |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Banvel |
Dicamba |
|
402 |
|
|
|
336 |
4.05 |
|
|
294 |
295 |
|
Basagran |
bentazon |
|
|
|
493 |
5992 |
493 |
5.99 |
|
|
|
434 |
|
Bladex |
cyanazine |
366 |
-295 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
201 |
|
Buctril
M |
bromoxynil + MCPA E |
185 |
461 |
|
526 |
4157 |
335 |
4.16 |
295 |
|
|
|
|
Champion
Plus |
fenoxaprop-ethyl
+MCPA E+2,4-D E+thifensulfuron |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Curtal
M |
Clopyralid/MCPA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Edge |
ethalfluralin |
380 |
|
|
|
|
308 |
3.73 |
|
|
|
|
|
Eptam
8E |
EPTC |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
160 |
|
Estaprop |
dichloroprop |
|
|
189 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2-4-D |
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Express
Pack |
trienuron+2,4-D E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fortress |
Triallate/trifluralin |
506 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fusion |
fenoxaprop-ethyl/fluazifop-butyl |
77 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hoegrass
284 |
diclofop methyl |
|
328 |
|
|
|
374 |
4.53 |
|
|
|
|
|
HoegrassII |
diclofop methyl+bromoxynil |
|
|
|
374+526 |
4525+6365 |
413 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Laser |
fenoxaprop+Bromoxynil+MCPA |
|
|
|
|
|
300 |
3.63 |
|
|
|
|
|
Laser
DF |
fenoxaprop-p-ethyl+MCPA
E+thifensulfuron |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lontrel |
clopyralid |
47 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lorox
DF |
linuron |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
290 |
|
MCPA |
MCPA |
89 |
129 |
|
|
|
145 |
0.97 |
|
|
130 |
130 |
|
|
|
Johnston1 |
Boerma2 |
Stout3 |
Entz4 |
|
Coxworth5 |
|
Zentner6 |
Robinson7 |
Pimental8 |
Green9 |
|
Product |
Common
Name |
MJ
/kg |
MJ
/kg |
MJ
/kg |
MJ/Kg |
g
C/kg |
MJ/kg
a.i. |
kg
C/kg a.i. |
MJ/Kg |
MJ/kg |
kcal/kg
ai |
MJ/kg |
|
Odyssey |
imazamox imazethapyr |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pardner |
bromoxynil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
461 |
|
|
|
|
Poast |
sethoxydim |
44 |
328 |
328 |
350 |
4525 |
308 |
3.73 |
|
|
|
|
|
Prevail |
tralkoxydim+clopyralid/MCPA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Puma |
fenoxyprop-ethyl |
27 |
|
|
|
|
300 |
3.63 |
|
|
|
|
|
Pursuit |
imazethapyr |
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Refine
Extra |
thiensulfuron+tribenuron |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reglone |
diquat |
|
|
|
|
|
475 |
5.97 |
|
|
398 |
400 |
|
Roundup |
Glyphosate |
450 |
461 |
|
511 |
7508 |
511 |
7.51 |
387 |
454 |
452 |
454 |
|
Rustler |
Glyphosate+dicamba |
|
|
|
|
|
368 |
4.46 |
|
|
|
|
|
Select |
clethodim |
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sencor |
metribuzin |
42 |
|
|
|
|
200 |
2.42 |
|
|
|
|
|
Stampede |
Propanil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
219 |
220 |
|
Target |
dicamba+mecoprop+MCPA A |
99 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thumper |
bromoxynil + 2,4-D E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Treflan
5G |
Trifluralin |
225 |
375 |
|
375 |
7173 |
167 |
1.98 |
|
151 |
147 |
150 |
|
Triumph
Plus |
fenoxyprop-ethyl+MCPA E+thifensulfuron |
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Venture |
fluazifop-butyl |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,4-D
Amine |
2,4-D |
148 |
82 |
82 |
|
|
98 |
1.12 |
|
|
|
85 |
|
2,4-D
Ester |
2,4-D |
|
202 |
|
|
|
241 |
2.31 |
|
87 |
101 |
|
|
2,4,5-T |
2,4,5-T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
237 |
135 |
|
1. Johnston and
Cowell (1997) from Stout (1990), Pimental (1980), Southwell & Rothwell
(1977) 2. Boerma et al. (1980) |
|
|||||||||||
|
3. Stout (1990)
4. Entz et al. (1995) 5.
Coxworth et al. (1995) 6. Zentner et
al. (1989) 7. Robinson and Mollan
(1982) 8. Pimental (1980) |
|
|||||||||||
|
9. Green (1987)
in Energy in Plant Nutrition and Plant Control, Z. Helsel |
|
|||||||||||
|
Energy and Carbon Studies |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Guilden
and Entz |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
C-Till |
Z-Till |
C-Till |
Z-Till |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
MJ/ha/year |
MJ/ha/year |
C/ha/year |
C/ha/year |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Machinery |
551.47 |
370.09 |
10.55 |
7.08 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Fuel |
1197.09 |
762.86 |
22.56 |
14.57 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
N |
3886.79 |
3530.91 |
54.9 |
51.53 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
P |
382.9 |
365.09 |
7.7 |
7.34 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Herbicides |
312.36 |
427.55 |
4.52 |
5.87 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Total |
6330.61 |
5456.5 |
100.23 |
86.39 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Fungicides:
Energy and GHG Coefficients |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
Pimental1 |
Green2 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Seed
Treatments |
Common
Name |
MJ/kg |
MJ/kg |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Apron FL |
Metalaxyl |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Baytan |
tiadimenol |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Benlate |
Benomyl |
|
397 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Benolin-R |
Benomyl+Thiram+Lindane |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Bravo 500 |
chlorothalonil |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Captain Flowable |
Captan |
115 |
115 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Cloak |
carbathiin+thiram+Lindane |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Crown |
carbathiin+thiabendazole |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
DB-Green L |
Maneb+Lindane |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
DLC |
Diazinon+Captain+Lindane |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Dithane DG |
mancozeb |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Formaldehyde SN |
Formaldehyde |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Formalin |
Formaldehyde |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
IPCO
N-M Dual Purpose Drill box |
maneb + lindane |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
IPCO
N-M Drill box |
maneb |
99 |
99 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Kumulus |
sulphur |
111 |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Premiere Plus |
thiabendazole+thiram+Lindane |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Ronilan DF |
vinclozolin |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Roval Flo |
iprodione |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Roval ST |
Lindane+iprodione |
|
58+ |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Thiram 75 WP |
thiram |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Tilt 250 E |
propiconazole |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Vitaflo 280 |
carbathiin+thiram |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Vitavex RS Flowable |
carbathiin+thiram+lindane |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Vitavex Single Solution |
carbathiin |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
ferbam |
64 |
81 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
1.
Pimental (1980) |
2. Green (1987) |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Pesticides : Energy and GHG Coefficients |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
Boerma1 |
Zentner2 |
Robinson3 |
Pimental4 |
Green5 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Insecticide |
Common
Name |
MJ/kg |
MJ/kg |
MJ/kg |
MJ/kg |
MJ/kg |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Ambush |
permetrin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Decis |
deltamethrin |
|
217 |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Diazinon |
diazinon |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Furadan |
carbofuran |
|
|
454 |
452 |
454 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Lorsban |
chlopyrifus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Malathion |
malathion |
385 |
|
|
|
229 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Sevin |
carbaryl |
|
|
153 |
152 |
153 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
methoxychlor |
|
|
|
|
70 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
parathion |
|
|
|
|
138 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
methyl parathion |
(error in Green or Pimental) |
58 |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
1. Boerma et al. (1980) 2. Zentner (1989) |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
3. Robinson, D.
W. and R.C. Mollan, (1982) 4. Pimental (1980)
5. Green (1987) |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
GJ/t
a i |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Emulsifiable
Oils |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Wettable
Powders |
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Granules |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Packaging |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Transport |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Farm
Buildings: GHG and Energy Coefficients |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Coxworth1 |
|
|
|
Jensen2 |
Jaques3 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Carbon |
Carbon |
Energy |
Energy |
Energy |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
kg
C/t |
kg
C/m3 |
MJ/kg |
kg
C/ GJ |
MJ/m3/year |
t
CO2/t |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Cement |
279 |
|
|
|
|
0.5 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Concrete |
|
81.089 |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Steel |
596 |
|
31 |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Grain
Storage |
|
|
|
|
13.8 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Machinery
Storage |
|
|
|
|
153 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Buildings |
|
|
|
16.94 |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
1. Coxworth et al. (1995) 2. Jensen (1977) 3. Jaques (1992) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Transportation:
Energy and GHG Coefficients : Green House Gaz |
|||||||||||||
|
|
Williams1 |
S&S
Canada2 |
Hirst3 |
R.
S. & A4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Jaques5 |
|
Pimental6 |
Stout7 |
|
|
Intercity |
Branch
Line |
|
Fuel |
CO2 |
NO |
CO |
HC |
PM |
Carbon |
|
|
|
|
|
MJ/t-km |
MJ/t-km |
MJ/t-km |
L/1000t*km |
kg/1000t*km |
kg/1000t*km |
kg/1000t*km |
kg/1000t*km |
kg/1000t*km |
t
/ kL |
t
/ TJ |
kcal/
kg/km |
MJ/t-km |
|
Rail
(diesel) |
0.47 |
0.37 |
0.54 |
21.162 |
|
1.156 |
0.222 |
0.058 |
|
2.79 |
70.69 |
0.12 |
1.2 |
|
Truck
(diesel) |
2.00 |
1.77 |
1.78 |
54.144 |
148.8 |
0.856 |
0.474 |
0.102 |
0.0781 |
|
|
0.83 |
3.0 |
|
Boat
(Heavy Oil) |
|
|
0.37 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
74.00 |
0.08 |
1.2 |
|
Air |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.63 |
|
|
Trucks |
|
|
|
L/Payload
t*km |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.02115 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.01380 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. Williams 2. Supply and Services Canada |
|||||||||||||
|
3. Hirst, E.,
(1973) Energy Use for Food in US ORNL-NSF-EP-57 Oak Ridge Nat. Lab, Ten. |
|||||||||||||
|
4. Roberts,
Sloane and Associates Inc. (1992) Branchline Abandonment Study |
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
5. Jaques (1992)
6. Pimental (1980) 7. Stout
(1984) |
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
The Environmental Implications of Increased Trucking
due to Branch line Abandonment in Western Canada |
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
Roberts, Sloane and Associates Inc., for Agriculture
and Agri-Food Canada : trucks release 2.8 times more CO2 than
Trains per tonne mile |
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
Methane Emissions from Animals |
|||||
|
|
Crutzen1 |
McAllister2 |
Mathur3 |
Desjardins4 |
Jaques5 |
|
Beef |
kg/hd/year |
kg/hd/year |
kg/hd/year |
kg/hd/year |
kg/hd/year |
|
Cattle |
55 |
|
|
|
|
|
Cows |
|
65 |
|
|
48 |
|
Bull |
|
75 |
|
|
120 |
|
Feeder Calves |
|
8 |
|
|
48 |
|
Yearling |
|
|
52 |
|
|
|
Stocker Calves |
|
21 |
|
|
24 |
|
Feedlot Cattle |
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
Heifers |
|
|
|
|
36 |
|
Dairy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cows |
|
|
140 |
|
120 |
|
Yearlings |
|
|
62 |
|
72 |
|
Calves |
|
|
29 |
|
24 |
|
Swine |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pigs |
1-1.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Sows |
|
|
3.3 |
|
5 |
|
9- |
|
|
1.4 |
|
1 |
|
20- |
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
> |
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
Poultry |
|
|
|
0.0045 |
|
|
Chickens |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hens |
|
|
|
|
0.02 |
|
Turkeys |
|
|
|
|
0.01 |
|
Sheep |
5-8 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
Lambs |
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
Goats |
5 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
Horses |
18 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
Mules/Asses |
10 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
1. Crutzen et al. (1988) 2. McAllister (1997) |
|||||
|
3. Mathur (undated) 4. Desjardins (undated) |
|||||
|
5. Jaques (1992)
from Casada and Safley Jr. (1990) |
|||||
|
Methane
Emissions from Animals
Jaques1 |
|
|
Type |
kg/hd/year |
|
Dairy
Cattle |
0.019 |
|
other
Cattle |
0.011 |
|
Pigs |
0.044 |
|
Sheep |
0.019 |
|
Lambs |
0.019 |
|
Chickens |
0.024 |
|
Hens |
0.018 |
|
Turkeys |
0.019 |
|
1. Jaques (1992)
from Casada and Safley Jr. (1990) |
|
|
BIOMASS: GHG Coefficients |
||||
|
|
CO2 |
N2O |
CH4 |
Stout |
|
Crop |
kg
CO2/kg dm |
kg
N2O/kg dm |
kg
CH4/kg dm |
%
Carbon |
|
Wheat |
|
|
|
|
|
Durum |
|
|
|
|
|
Barley |
|
|
|
|
|
Oats |
|
|
|
|
|
Canola |
|
|
|
|
|
Flax |
|
|
|
|
|
Sunflowers |
|
|
|
|
|
Lentils |
|
|
|
|
|
Peas |
|
|
|
|
|
Corn |
|
|
|
|
|
Other
Cereals |
|
0.0002947 |
|
|
|
Legume |
|
0.0005894 |
|
|
|
Wood |
|
|
|
50-60 |
|
Herbicide
: Energy Coefficients from M.B. Green (1987) multiplied by
coefficients from Coxworth (1994) |
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Indirect |
|
|
Direct |
|
|
|
|
Product |
Common Name |
Naptha |
NatGas |
Coke |
FuelOil |
Electricity |
Steam |
Total |
Naptha |
Nat Gas |
Coke |
Fuel Oil |
Elect |
Steam |
Total |
|
Achieve |
tralkoxydim |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ally |
metsulfuron methyl |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amber |
tirsulfuron |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assert |
imazamethabenz |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assure |
quizalofop ethyl |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Atrazine |
atrazine |
43.2 |
68.8 |
|
14.4 |
37.2 |
24.7 |
188.3 |
48.2976 |
81.7344 |
0 |
16.2576 |
37.83 |
32.604 |
216.726 |
|
Attain |
flouroxypyr |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,4-D E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Avadex |
Triallate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Avenge |
difenzoquat |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Banvel |
Dicamba |
69 |
73 |
|
4 |
96 |
53 |
295 |
77.142 |
86.724 |
0 |
4.516 |
97.63 |
69.96 |
335.974 |
|
Basagran |
bentazon |
128.6 |
66.1 |
|
42.3 |
118.5 |
78.1 |
433.6 |
143.774 |
78.5268 |
0 |
47.7567 |
120.5 |
103.09 |
493.664 |
|
Bladex |
cyanazine |
54.6 |
65.8 |
|
15.2 |
38.6 |
26.8 |
201 |
61.0428 |
78.1704 |
0 |
17.1608 |
39.25 |
35.376 |
231.006 |
|
Buctril
M |
bromoxynil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MCPA E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ChampionPlus |
fenoxaprop-ethyl |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MCPA E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,4-D E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
thifensulfuron |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Curtal
M |
Clopyralid |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MCPA E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Edge |
ethalfluralin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eptam |
EPTC |
16.5 |
39.6 |
|
8.9 |
66.7 |
28.1 |
159.8 |
18.447 |
47.0448 |
0 |
10.0481 |
67.83 |
37.092 |
180.465 |
|
Estaprop |
dichloroprop |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2-4-D E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Express
Pack |
tribenuron ethyl |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,4-D E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Product |
Common Name |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
Naptha |
Nat Gas |
Coke |
Fuel Oil |
Elect |
Steam |
Total |
|
Fortress |
Triallate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
trifluralin |
45.12 |
10.24 |
|
6.32 |
46.16 |
12.88 |
120.72 |
50.4441 |
12.16512 |
|
7.13528 |
46.94 |
17.001 |
133.690 |
|
Fusilade |
fluazifop-p-butyl |
89.2 |
71.6 |
|
8.6 |
183.4 |
165.2 |
518 |
99.7256 |
85.0608 |
0 |
9.7094 |
186.5 |
218.06 |
599.077 |
|
Fusion |
fenoxaprop-p-ethyl |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
fluazifop-p-butyl |
89.2 |
71.6 |
|
8.6 |
183.4 |
165.2 |
518 |
99.7256 |
85.0608 |
0 |
9.7094 |
186.5 |
218.06 |
599.077 |
|
Glean |
chlorsulfuron |
91.3 |
35.6 |
|
7.8 |
112.2 |
118.5 |
365.4 |
102.073 |
42.2928 |
0 |
8.8062 |
114.1 |
156.42 |
423.699 |
|
Hoegrass
284 |
diclofop methyl |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
*Amber,Ally,RefineX,Prism |
|||||
|
HoegrassII |
diclofop methyl |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
bromoxynil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Laser |
fenoxaprop-p-ethyl |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bromoxynil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MCPA E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Laser
DF |
fenoxaprop-p-ethyl |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MCPA E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
thifensulfuron methyl |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Linuron
480 |
linuron |
96.5 |
68.1 |
|
6.6 |
88.4 |
30.1 |
289.7 |
107.887 |
80.9028 |
0 |
7.4514 |
89.90 |
39.732 |
325.876 |
|
Lontrel |
clopyralid |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
MCPA |
MCPA |
53.3 |
12 |
|
12.6 |
27.5 |
22.3 |
127.7 |
59.5894 |
14.256 |
0 |
14.2254 |
27.96 |
29.436 |
145.474 |
|
Muster |
ethametsulfuron methyl |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Odyssey |
imazamox |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
imazethapyr |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pardner |
bromoxynil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Poast |
sethoxydim |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prevail |
tralkoxydim |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
clopyralid |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MCPA E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Primextra
light |
metolachlor |
101.2 |
27.6 |
|
15.1 |
78.2 |
53.7 |
275.8 |
113.141 |
32.7888 |
|
17.0479 |
79.52 |
70.884 |
313.391 |
|
|
atrazine |
15.3 |
24.3666 |
|
5.1 |
13.175 |
8.7479 |
66.689 |
17.1054 |
28.9476 |
|
5.7579 |
13.39 |
11.547 |
76.7571 |
|
Product |
Common Name |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
Naptha |
Nat Gas |
Coke |
Fuel Oil |
Elect |
Steam |
Total |
|
Puma |
fenoxyprop-p-ethyl |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pursuit |
imazethapyr |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Refine
Extra |
thifensulfuron methyl |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
tribenuron methyl |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reglone |
diquat |
70 |
65 |
|
1 |
100 |
164 |
400 |
78.26 |
77.22 |
|
1.129 |
101.7 |
216.48 |
474.789 |
|
Roundup |
Glyphosate |
33 |
93 |
|
1 |
227 |
100 |
454 |
36.894 |
110.484 |
|
1.129 |
230.8 |
132 |
511.366 |
|
Ruster |
Glyphosate |
12.2359 |
34.4831 |
|
0.37078 |
84.16853 |
37.078 |
168.33 |
13.6797 |
40.96597 |
|
0.418617 |
85.59 |
48.943 |
189.607 |
|
|
dicamba |
8.625 |
9.125 |
|
0.5 |
12 |
6.625 |
36.875 |
9.64275 |
10.8405 |
|
0.5645 |
12.20 |
8.745 |
41.9967 |
|
Select |
clethodim |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sencor |
metribuzin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stampede |
propanil |
62 |
40 |
|
3 |
64 |
51 |
220 |
69.316 |
47.52 |
|
3.387 |
65.08 |
67.32 |
252.631 |
|
Target |
dicamba |
8.98437 |
9.50520 |
|
0.52083 |
12.5 |
6.9010 |
38.411 |
10.0445 |
11.29218 |
|
0.588020 |
12.71 |
9.1093 |
43.7466 |
|
|
mecoprop |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MCPA A |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thumper |
bromoxynil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,4-D E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Treflan
5G |
Trifluralin |
56.4 |
12.8 |
|
7.9 |
57.7 |
16.1 |
150.9 |
63.0552 |
15.2064 |
0 |
8.9191 |
58.68 |
21.252 |
167.113 |
|
Triumph
Plus |
fenoxyprop-p-ethyl |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MCPA E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
thifensulfuron methyl |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Venture |
fluazifop-p-butyl |
89.2 |
71.6 |
|
8.6 |
183.4 |
165.2 |
518 |
99.7256 |
85.0608 |
0 |
9.7094 |
186.5 |
218.06 |
599.077 |
|
2,4-D
Amine |
2,4-D |
39 |
|
|
9 |
23 |
16 |
87 |
43.602 |
0 |
0 |
10.161 |
23.39 |
21.12 |
98.274 |
|
2,4-D
Ester |
2,4-D |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,4,5-T |
2,4,5-T |
43 |
23 |
|
2 |
42 |
25 |
135 |
48.074 |
27.324 |
0 |
2.258 |
42.71 |
33 |
153.37 |
|
Fungicides |
Common Name |
Naptha |
NatGas |
Coke |
FuelOil |
Electricity |
Steam |
Total |
Naptha |
Nat Gas |
Coke |
Fuel Oil |
Elect |
Steam |
Total |
|
Apron FL |
Metalaxyl |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Baytan |
tiadimenol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Benlate |
Benomyl |
86.7 |
71.2 |
|
14.3 |
121.2 |
103.6 |
397 |
96.9306 |
84.5856 |
|
16.1447 |
123.2 |
136.75 |
457.673 |
|
Benolin-R |
Benomyl |
10.404 |
8.544 |
|
1.716 |
14.544 |
12.432 |
47.64 |
11.6316 |
10.15027 |
|
1.937364 |
14.79 |
16.410 |
54.9207 |
|
|
Thiram |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lindane |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bravo 500 |
chlorothalonil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Captain=Flowable |
Captan |
38 |
14 |
|
|
52 |
11 |
115 |
42.484 |
16.632 |
0 |
0 |
52.88 |
14.52 |
126.52 |
|
Cloak |
carbathiin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
thiram |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lindane |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Crown |
carbathiin+thiabendazole |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
thiabendazole |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DB-Green L |
Maneb |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lindane |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DLC |
Diazinon |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Captain |
22.8 |
8.4 |
0 |
0 |
31.2 |
6.6 |
69 |
25.4904 |
9.9792 |
0 |
0 |
31.73 |
8.712 |
75.912 |
|
|
Lindane |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dithane DG |
mancozeb |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Formaldehyde SN |
Formaldehyde |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Formalin |
Formaldehyde |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IPCO
N-M Dual Purpase Drill box |
maneb |
20.25 |
17.25 |
6 |
6.75 |
18.75 |
5.25 |
74.25 |
22.6395 |
20.493 |
6 |
7.62075 |
19.06 |
6.93 |
82.752 |
|
|
lindane |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IPCO
N-M Drill box |
maneb |
27 |
23 |
8 |
9 |
25 |
7 |
99 |
30.186 |
27.324 |
8 |
10.161 |
25.42 |
9.24 |
110.336 |
|
Kumulus |
sulphur |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Product |
Common Name |
Naptha |
NatGas |
Coke |
FuelOil |
Electricity |
Steam |
Total |
Naptha |
Nat Gas |
Coke |
Fuel Oil |
Elect |
Steam |
Total |
|
Premiere Plus |
thiabendazole+thiram+Lindane |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ronilan DF |
vinclozolin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roval Flo |
iprodione |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roval ST |
Lindane |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
iprodione |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thiram 75 WP |
thiram |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tilt 250 E |
propiconazole |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vitaflo 280 |
carbathiin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
thiram |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vitavex RS Flowable |
carbathiin+thiram+lindane |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vitavex Single Solution |
carbathiin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
? |
ferbam |
|
42 |
3 |
|
13 |
23 |
81 |
0 |
49.896 |
3 |
0 |
13.22 |
30.36 |
96.477 |
|
Insecticide |
Common Name |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Naptha |
Nat Gas |
Coke |
Fuel Oil |
Elect |
Steam |
Total |
|
Ambush |
permetrin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Decis |
deltamethrin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diazinon |
diazinon |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Furadan |
carbofuran |
137 |
63 |
1 |
44 |
127 |
82 |
454 |
153.166 |
74.844 |
1 |
49.676 |
129.1 |
108.24 |
516.085 |
|
Lorsban |
chlopyrifus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Malathion |
malathion |
62 |
41.2 |
|
6.1 |
92.1 |
27.4 |
228.8 |
69.316 |
48.9456 |
0 |
6.8869 |
93.66 |
36.168 |
254.982 |
|
Sevin |
carbaryl |
11 |
48 |
26 |
1 |
54 |
13 |
153 |
12.298 |
57.024 |
26 |
1.129 |
54.91 |
17.16 |
168.529 |
|
? |
methoxychlor |
10.2 |
11.6 |
|
2.4 |
28.7 |
16.9 |
69.8 |
11.4036 |
13.7808 |
0 |
2.7096 |
29.18 |
22.308 |
79.3899 |
|
? |
parathion |
35 |
23.1 |
5.2 |
1.6 |
57.1 |
16 |
138 |
39.13 |
27.4428 |
5.2 |
1.8064 |
58.07 |
21.12 |
152.769 |
|
? |
methyl parathion |
37 |
24 |
6 |
2 |
73 |
18 |
160 |
41.366 |
28.512 |
6 |
2.258 |
74.24 |
23.76 |
176.137 |
|
Nitrous Oxide Emission Coefficients |
|
|
|
Jaques1 |
|
|
kg
N2O/t |
|
Mobile
Sources |
|
|
Gasoline |
|
|
No
Catalyst |
0.31 |
|
Oxidation |
0.60 |
|
3-Way
Catalyst |
0.60 |
|
Aged
3-Way Catalyst |
2.20 |
|
Diesel |
0.46 |
|
Heavy
Oil |
0.46 |
|
Aviation
Fuels |
0.31 |
|
Stationary Combustion |
|
|
Natural
Gas/Still Gas |
0.03 |
|
Coal
(conventional) |
0.05 |
|
Coal
( fluidized bed) |
2.11 |
|
Light
and Heavy Oil |
0.14 |
|
|
g
N2O/kg |
|
Wood |
0.16 |
|
|
Kg
N2O/t |
|
Fertilizer
(NH3) |
3.40 |
|
* released in the
manufacturing process |
1. Jaques (1992) |
|
Fertilizer: GHG Coefficients |
|
%
N |
||
|
|
|
Entz3 |
Coxworth4 |
released |
|
Fertilizer |
Analysis |
gC/kg |
Kg
C/t |
as
N2O1 |
|
Urea-
N |
46-0-0 |
1225 |
1225 |
0.11 |
|
Urea-Ammonium
Nitrate |
28-0-0 |
|
1118 |
0.05 |
|
Ammonia
-N |
34-0-0 |
1102 |
1102 |
0.12 |
|
MAP-
P2O5 |
11-51-0 |
|
|
0.1 |
|
-
demihydrite |
|
|
|
|
|
Ammonium
Sulfate-S |
21-0-0-24 |
|
971 |
0.12 |
|
Potassium
Chloride- K2O |
0-0-60 |
|
212 |
|
|
Anhydrous
Ammonia |
82-0-0 |
841 |
841 |
1.63 |
|
P2O5 |
|
255 |
|
|
|
11-51-0
N |
|
|
943 |
|
|
P |
|
|
253 |
|
|
Other
N Fertilizers |
|
|
1118 |
|
|
Other
P Fertilizers |
|
|
212 |
|
|
Sodium
Nitrate |
|
|
|
0.05 |
|
Aqua
Ammonium |
|
|
|
1.63 |
|
Phosphate
Rock 28% - 38% P2O5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Zinc
Sulfate |
|
|
|
|
|
Elemental
Sulfur |
*no energy charge for recovered sulfur |
|||
|
Mixes
(Mudahar et al.) |
bulk
blend |
|
|
|
|
GJ/tonne |
0.074 |
|
|
|
|
1.
Entz et al (1995) |
|
|
|
|
|
2.
Coxworth et al. (1995) |
|
|
|
|